There are so many weight supplements available in the market that sometimes it becomes really difficult to choose the best among them. Weight loss supplements do work but you need to know certain things which would help you to choose the most appropriate supplement for yourself. You must keep it clear in your mind the amount of weight which you wish to shed. This will add to your advantage and would help you in picking the best out of the vast options available to you.

Weight loss supplements provide a myriad of benefits and aid you in the process of losing weight. The best weight loss supplements are known to have a quick action and lead to considerable weight loss. In fact, these give you the combined effects of dieting and exercise. In fact, with the coming of natural slimming tablets, you can even lose weight even if you are suffering from a medical condition such as diabetes, severe obesity etc.

You would not have any difficulty finding such natural weight loss supplements as these are available without prescription. You can opt for herbal diet pills which are quite safe to use. These are quite cost-effective as well and would not a burn a hole in your pocket. The best part about these supplements is that most of the natural weight loss supplements are recommended by specialists and dieticians.

Most of the natural and organic fat burners come with the CE mark which ensures safety. Go for the natural weight loss supplements and you will find them completely harmless and natural. They also comply with the FDA guidelines and thus help you in achieving your goal. Taking such natural weight loss supplements along with regular exercise and proper diet would go a long way in giving you the desired curves and a toned body. Shop around and search online as well to see the reviews and testimonials of people on the different weight loss supplements. You would definitely come across the best products.

Liposuction, also known as lipoplasty or fat suction, liposculpture and suction lipectomy is a kind of cosmetic surgery applied to take out excess fat from different parts of the body such as thighs, buttocks, chin, abdomen, neck, arms, etc. Liposuction is not considered as a weight loosing method, it is just the method employed to remove excess fat from certain areas of the body. In this method, a small stainless steel tube called cannula is inserted in the desired portion of the body from where the fat is required to be taken out. The cannula is connected to a powerful suction pump which extracts the fat by small tunnels created in the body.

There are different types of Liposuction being used. Ultrasound Assisted Liposuction is perhaps the latest of all the methods. In UAL, the sound waves are used to melt the fat and turn them into liquid, which is then removed. In all the methods of the liposuction, saline water is generally being injected between muscle and fat to separate them. A local or general anesthesia is generally used for liposuction surgery.

Liposuction surgery is not meant for all the patients who are suffering from overweight or obesity. It is absolutely not advisable for the patients who are less than 18 years of age. Liposuction is not meant for the people whose skin is not elastic. It is also not advisable for the people who are diabetics and patients who take regular doses of antibiotics.

Liposuction is not an alternative for weight loss. It must be considered as the last option of loosing weight, after trying all the other options available for weight loss.

People all round the globe are mad over skinny figure and they keep on searching for easy and attractive ideas to achieve what they want. There are different ways to loose weight. One can take weight loosing pills, or do a regular exercise to loose weight. But many a times exercise and diet schedules only cut down your pocket rather than your body weight.

Weight loss liposuction is the right choice for those who seek for fat removal from different parts of the body. Weight loss liposuction is a fat removal technique that is quickly gaining popularity due to its increased effectiveness and better results. Weight loss liposuction may sound like some means for quick weights loss, but it is not so. It is infact a cosmetic procedure in the field of plastic surgery and not any kind of weight loss surgery, even though it involves the removal of body fat.

Weight loss liposuction can be used to provide “finesse” on individuals having problems getting rid of the final 5-10 pounds. It is the best option if this fat is specific to particular areas e.g. lower abdomen, ‘love handles’, saggy thigh or large hips etc. a number of factors are there which contribute to the composition and distribution of the fat on an individual body. These include genetics, hormones, diets, exercise etc. in other words these are the factors which determine how much fat is deposited and where the fat is deposited. In weight loss the amount of fat in this cells are reduced resulting to lower body fat percentage. However the fat cells still remain.

Weight loss Liposuction is used in such cases to smoothen the body contour which gives you a smoothly curved body without the “love handles”, “pot belly”, and saggy bottoms. Liposuction sucks out the fat as well as fat cells in the specific region giving you an instant body contour and tone. The best advantage of weight loss liposuction is that once you get the procedure done you do not start fluctuating your weight again.

There are many weight loosing pills available in the market. Almost all the pills available in the market claim that they would reduce the weight within few weeks, if not days. However, a person is required to be careful with regard to these claims. They are available in prescriptions or sold over the counter. Prescribed weight loosing pills are clinically tested and approved by different medical organizations, hence they work as per their claims, and however, these pills may also have several side effects. Most of the prescribed pills are sold to the people who have dangers to health due to obesity and when the patient does not have any other option to loose weight naturally.

The weight loss pills sold over the counter are considered as the natural weight loss pills. Most of these pills make huge promises; however, most of them are false and meant to mislead the consumers. In addition to reduce weight and getting heavy in your pockets, these pills can prove to be dangerous for health and have many side effects. They may be dangerous for nervous system and heart.

It is always advisable to use these pills under the prescription of a dietician or physician. The pills should be considered as the last option, after trying all the natural methods to reduce weight including a strict diet plan.

There are different ways to reduce the excess weight in the body. The most effective method to reduce weight is to do a regular exercise. An early morning jogging or conducting several healthy and regular exercises is considered to the most effective and healthy way to reduce weight. However, it takes a long time and needs a regular workout for which you need to spare one or two hours everyday. It is quite impossible for the busy executives. Another method to loose weight is by taking pills/supplements which are meant for weight loss. There are many weight loosing pills which are sold over the counter without prescriptions. You may consider taking these pills; however, beware of the side effects. Consult your physician before you plan to take these medicines. Also make sure that you do not take any fake medicines.

Another method to loose weight is to follow a strict diet plan. Make sure that the diet which you take contains all the nutrients which would keep you healthy, but at the same time help you to loose weight. This process may take long time than usual. The last method to loose weight is to go for a bariatric surgery or liposuction, which would take out the excess fat from the body. This is the most effective and the fastest method to loose weight, however, it must be considered as the last resort for loosing weight.

There are many health problems associated due to overweight and obesity. It is the cause of many heart diseases, cardiovascular disorders, diabetes, cancers and many other deadly diseases. As per the WHO website, overweight and obesity are considered to be fifth leading risk for global deaths.

Radiation oncology is undertaken by professionally trained radiation oncologists. Before they undertake radiation oncology, they consider various factors including the type of tumor, location of the tumor, stage of the tumor and health of a tumor patient.

Radiation Oncology Training
Different jurisdictions have set minimum number of years that one can undertake radiation oncology training. In most jurisdictions however, the minimum number of years is four years of residential training. Upon successfully completing the necessary training, would-be radiation oncologists are obligated to undertake internship for a determined period.

To be admitted for radiation oncology training, one is required to have a minimum of basic medical degree with some years of practical experience. Radiation oncology training covers different types of tumor. Would-be radiation oncologists are exposed to safe procedures necessary for using applying radiation on/in head and neck, breast, intestines, genitourinary tract, central nervous system and lungs.

Mechanism of Radiation Oncology
Radiation oncology is applied to damage the DNA of malignant cells to stop their growth. Damage to the cells’ DNA is through ionization of the atoms that make up the cells’ DNA chain. Damage to cells’ DNA eventually leads to the death of malignant cells. The amount of radiation applied on a tumor varies and depends on type and state of tumor.

Types of Radiation Oncology
Various types of radiation oncology are used in the treatment of tumors. These include teleoncology, external beam oncology, brachyoncology and radioisotope amongst other types. The types of radiation oncology are differently applied, depending on source of radiation.

Radiation Oncology Side Effects
Low radiation levels are almost painless and may or may nor have any side effects. Any pain can simply be managed by use of common painkillers. High radiation levels cause varied side effects. These are both short and long-term side effects. The extent of side effects however depends on the location of tumor.

Although minor radiation oncology side effects are usually concentrated around treatment area, serious side effects do affect other parts of the body, depending on the affected area and connected body organs. Side effects that appear in later stage after treatment include hair loss, fibrosis, heart ailments and cognitive decline amongst others.

Research On Radiation Oncology
A number of researches are currently on course in different medical research institutions. Spearheaded by various research organizations, these research activities are undertaken by professional radiation oncologists.

Conducting research in the medical field is definitely very expensive. It requires input of huge resources and research institutions, drug manufacturers and other organizations have played a vital role in providing the necessary research funds. These organizations have also developed scholarship programs to enable the training of many radiation oncologists as possible.

The study shows that, paradoxically, unlike women who have found that an increased risk of illness, those who have already been diagnosed, they are not willing to change their lifestyle in any way. They are resigned to the disease and have the same habits before diagnosis. Experts recommend dynamic physical activities, outdoors.

Nutrition: Another important factor in preventing cancer
Changing lifestyle and involves changes in terms of nutrition. Thus, a woman’s daily menu should contain :

• As many vegetables. Recent research highlights the benefits that their cruciferous vegetables in preventing and stopping breast cancer. One such vegetable is broccoli. Take care the way in which the vegetables are cooked. Do not boil too much, possibly steam cook them to enjoy their properties;
• More fruits. It should also be consumed in their natural state and be green. Of these it seems that apples are very good because there is a flavonoid called quercetin – very effective against breast cancer. Pomegranates also contain polyphenols – substances that prevent mammary tumors;
• Soy, but only if the doctor agrees and are obtained organically, without being genetically modified.

In general, natural and healthy diet with sport are two important factors that help prevent any disease. So, avoid if possible:

• Processed foods ;
• Excessive consumption of meat;
• Fat;
• Fried foods;
• Confectionery products;
• Products that contain dyes and additives;
• Products with caffeine;
• Alcohol and tobacco;
• Cooking and heating food in a microwave.

Women rarely have the opportunity to see the variations which can occur from one individual to another. Therefore we are likely to worry if our genital area looks a bit different from what we might see in text books or in the media.

Understanding the proper medical names given to the genital area helps us understand what our doctors and other health professionals tell us. It will also help us to explain our problems to our doctors if we know the right names, and avoid potential embarrassment and confusion.


If you wish, you can use this as a guide for examining your own body, although it is not compulsory or necessary in order to understand what follows. Set aside a time and place where you can be guaranteed not to be interrupted. You will need a hand mirror. Sitting on a firm surface with your back supported and your pelvis tilted forwards is probably the most comfortable position. Pull your knees up and put your heels together and then let your knees fall out to the sides as far as is comfortable. You may hold the hand mirror in one hand and use the other to explore your body, or you may choose to prop it up either against your feet or on an extra pillow so that you can see clearly.

Pubic hair is very variable from one woman to another. In general the hairs are thicker, curlier and coarser than those of your scalp, and they can even be a different color. In women of Mediterranean descent they are usually very thick and very extensive. They can extend onto the inner thigh and around the anus and onto the buttocks. Asian women tend to have much less pubic hair. As women grow older and past menopause the amount of pubic hair, as well as underarm hair, reduces dramatically and can sometimes disappear altogether.

The labia majora (literally ‘large lips’) are the outer lips which touch along their edges when we stand. When they do this they form a covering over the vulva. This creates a warm and moist environment—an important point to remember because it can influence skin problems in this area. These warm, moist conditions explain why some skin diseases, for example psoriasis, look quite different on the vulva as com­pared with other skin areas. The main bulk of the labia majora is fatty tissue. In older women they tend to shrink and become thinner. The outside of the labia majora looks like normal skin and is covered by pubic hair whereas the inner surface is shiny and hairless.

Inside the labia majora are the inner lips (labia minora). Starting from the front near the mons pubis the inner lips form the clitoral hood. The little knob which is the visible part of the clitoris is called the glans clitoris or head of the clitoris. This is the most sensitive sexual part of our anatomy. Whilst this can be a great source of pleasure in the right circumstances, inflammation around this area can be a great source of discomfort. If you gently feel the tissue above the clitoris you will feel a little ridge of tissue deep inside. The tissue here becomes swollen or engorged with blood when we become sexually aroused.

The labia minora or inner lips vary a lot in size and in color, and also become engorged when we are sexually aroused. In some women the tiny oil glands there are visible as little yellow dots along the edges of the labia minora. Moving in further, we find the opening of the bladder (urethral meatus). On each side of this are glands which help in lubrication called Skene’s glands.

Below this we find the vaginal opening (introitus). The hymen which separates the vulval area from the vagina varies enormously from woman to woman. It may be a nice neat complete rim but sometimes it is fragmented, even from birth. Sometimes it may seal off the vagina completely, a problem which is usually picked up when women first start menstruating. Period pain and discomfort will occur monthly but there will be no blood loss and a lump forms at the entrance to the vagina as menstrual blood builds up. After childbirth the hymen may be totally disrupted with very little left. On the outside of the hymen, on either side and just a lit­tle bit towards the back of the vulva, are the openings of the Bartholin’s glands. These are also a source of lubrication. Other lubricating glands occur in a ring around the vaginal entrance—and are called minor vestibular glands.

The whole area enclosed by the labia minora from the cli­toris in front to the point where the labia minora merge at the back (known as the fourchette, which literally means fork) is known as the vestibule. The space between the fourchette and the anus is called the perineum. This is very variable in length from one woman to another.

Episiotomies may distort the anatomy a little, although proper correction at the time of childbirth will usually result in a virtu­ally invisible scar. The cleft between our buttocks (natal cleft) is lined by skin similar to that of the rest of our body whereas the skin at the anus is rather like that of the labia minora.

We perspire from ordinary sweat glands in the creases of our upper thighs and around the pubic area. We also have special sweat glands on the vulva which are stimulated by hormones. This fluid seems to play some role in sexual attraction.

The vagina is a hollow tube lined by specialized skin which contains no mucus glands and also, surprisingly, has no sensory nerves from about 5 cm inside. This means that sensation inside the vagina can be quite different from other parts of the body and largely results from stretching of the wall rather than from stimulation of the actual vaginal lin­ing. At the end of the vagina is the cervix.

In order to understand the common problems which can affect our hair and scalp you need some basic knowledge of the structure of our hair and how it grows.
Each hair shaft is elliptical or circular in cross-section and is composed of three concentric layers. The core, known as the medulla, is little more than an air-filled space running down the centre of each hair. Surrounding this is the cortex, which lakes up most of the bulk of the hair and is composed of a tough fibrous protein called keratin. The cortex is in turn surrounded by an outer layer known as the cuticle. The cuti­cle consists of six to eight layers of flattened cells which overlap each other in much the same way as roof shingles overlap. The cuticle is extremely hard and forms a protec­tive covering around the hair shaft.


The fine downy hair which covers most of the body is known as vellus hair. Unlike the coarse thicker hairs (known as terminal hairs) that sprout from areas such as the scalp, eyebrows and pubic area, vellus hair is short, virtually colourless and has no medulla. If you look on the inside of your forearms you will see typical fine vellus hair.

The quality of hair is determined by minor variations in the hair shaft. For instance, straight hair is perfectly circular in cross-section whereas wavy or curly hair is more slender and elliptical. Negroid hair is flattened and ribbon-like, giv­ing its characteristic tightly coiled quality. The condition of the cuticle determines how light is reflected from the hair. When the cuticle is badly weathered and individual cells stick out or are lost, or if the cuticle is covered by grease and dust, the hair appears dull and lifeless. If the cells are over­lapping and lying flat against each other like a neatly tiled roof, light will be reflected evenly from this smooth surface and the hair will appear glossy and smooth.

Lack of folic acid during the first few weeks of pregnancy, when the brain and spinal cord are being laid down, is associ­ated with a form of congenital abnormality known as a neural tube defect (e.g. spina bifida), and with an increased risk of cleft palate, hare lip and abnormalities of the limbs, heart, lungs and skeleton. Sadly, at least two babies are conceived with a neural tube defect in the UK every day. It is now suggested that every woman of childbearing age should take supplements containing 400 mcg folic acid. This is especially important when planning to conceive and for at least the first 12 weeks of pregnancy.


If a woman who has previously had a child with a neural tube defect takes 4 mg folic acid daily from before conception until the 12th week of gestation, her risk of a recurrence is reduced by 70 per cent compared with similar women who took no folic acid supplements or other vitamins. Similarly, women taking multivitamins including folic acid throughout the first six weeks of gestation had around 70 per cent fewer affected pregnancies compared with those who took multivitamins without folic acid.

If you have epilepsy, and are taking drugs to stop your seizures, you should seek medical advice before trying for a baby. Some anticonvulsant drugs work by interfering with the way your body handles folic acid, so supplements can affect your treatment. It is best to seek specialist advice about which antiepilepsy drugs are safe to take during pregnancy (you may need your medication changed), and what level of folic acid supplementation you need.

How much you need ?
Increase your intake of folic acid in three ways as follows :

• Take a supplement providing 400 mcg folic acid daily. If you have previously conceived a child with a neural tube defect, you should take a supplement containing at least ten times more folic acid. Supplements containing 5 mg folic acid are available on prescription for this purpose.
• Choose foods that have been fortified with folic acid; these include many breakfast cereals and some breads. They are now easier to spot thanks to the Health Education Auth­ority’s (HEA’s) ‘flash’ scheme, which leading manufac­turers are adding to their packaging. Look out for flashes saying: ‘contains folic acid’—on foods that can provide at least one-sixth of your daily requirement—and ‘with extra folic acid’—on foods enriched to provide at least half your daily requirements.
• Eat more foods that are naturally rich in folic acid.

You should start increasing your folic acid intake from the time you first start trying to conceive, and for at least the first 12 weeks of pregnancy and preferably throughout the whole nine months.
Good dietary sources for pregnant women include :

• fortified foods ;
• yeast extract ;
• green leafy vegetables e.g. spinach, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, kale and spring greens ;
• soya beans, green beans, chickpeas, cooked black-eye beans and baked beans; wholemeal or granary-style bread ;
• asparagus, avocados and cauliflowers ;
• milk, butter, cheese, cottage cheese and yoghurt ;
• eggs.

Most of us are exposed to the HSV type I within the first five years of our lives, usually without any sign of infection as our bodies develop an immune response to the virus and pre­vent it from producing any illnesses. Sometimes, the first con­tact with the virus can produce multiple ulcers in the mouth and a general unwell feeling similar to that of a severe cold. This is known as a ‘primary attack’. The virus can be spread to other parts of the body by touching a virus-infected area. While this is not common it usually occurs on the fingers, but it can also occur on the buttocks and sometimes the genital area.


The virus always remains within the infected areas and can be reactivated in the future, for example with stress, before your periods, and sometimes by sunlight. These sores are what we know as ‘cold sores’. They often start as an area of itch or tingling or burning and then a group of small blis­ters develop. The blisters then dry and heal over. The whole process usually lasts 7 to 10 days.

A similar situation occurs with herpes virus infection in the genital area. Most genital herpes is acquired sexually, often with no symptoms or with symptoms so mild that the person doesn’t realise that they have herpes. A small number of people may develop multiple ulcers on the genital area or feel unwell—a primary attack. Most genital herpes is a reac­tivation of herpes acquired at some time in the past. This may just be a recurring irritated area or a split in the skin, or look like a typical cold sore. Recurrences occur in the same spot and this is an important clue to the diagnosis.

Some women can have genital herpes and shed the virus, yet feel perfectly well. The only time they realize they carry the infection is if their partner develops a primary attack.
Testing for herpes is done by taking a sample from an ulcer or split for culture. This is best done within the first 24 hours of its occurring. Blood testing is usually not helpful.

Women who have genital herpes can have children nor­mally, but it is important to be tested to see if the virus is active when the baby is ready to be delivered. If it is, a Caesarian sec­tion may be done so the baby does not contact the infected area. If the virus is not active a normal delivery is possible.

There are many local treatments that can help soothe the attacks of herpes. Adopting a healthy lifestyle will also help. Although we cannot cure herpes, effective medicines are available to help suppress the virus in people who have mul­tiple recurrences of genital herpes. With time, in otherwise healthy individuals, the attacks naturally become milder and less frequent.

As with genital warts, if you develop genital herpes it is recommended that you have a full screen for other sexually transmissible diseases.

Most major cities in Australia now have specialised clinics to deal with sexually transmitted diseases on a confidential basis. Specially trained medical and paramedical profession­als are available to help patients with these problems. These centres are also a very good source of valuable information if you are concerned about any aspect of your sexual health.

• Quit smoking. This rule is part of the largest breast cancer prevention, say experts. Recent studies have shown that nicotine in cigarettes may encourage the growth of breast tumors. Researchers found that women who smoked for 10 years a pack of cigarettes per day, breast cancer risk is up to 60%.

• Breastfeeding your baby. Breastfeeding is another method that protects women from breast cancer development and that due to declining estrogen levels, hormones believed to be involved in the development of mammary tumors. Also, another hypothesis offered by scientists is that breastfeeding increases the resistance of cells from the breast.

• Pregnancy before age 35. The birth of a child before age 35 reduces breast cancer risk, say experts. One study showed that women who give birth before 20 years reduced by almost half the risk of breast cancer than those who had no children or giving birth after age 35. One of the explanations offered by researchers is that during pregnancy, breast cells are mature, which protect them.

• Limit alcohol consumption. A recent study suggested that one glass of wine a day increases breast cancer risk by 12%. Researchers argue that the risk increases with alcohol consumption.

• 30 minutes of physical activity. That is the recommendation of doctors. Studies have shown that physical activity plays an important role in preventing breast cancer.

• Beware of pounds ! Maintaining a healthy weight is important at any age. Studies have linked obesity with an increased risk of breast cancer.

• Eat healthy. Reduce the amount of fat consumed. Studies have shown a decreased risk of breast cancer in women who have a diet low in fat.

• Test yourself ! Breast cancer, like other cancers is completely curable if diagnosed and treated in time. Any anomaly seized during those monthly self-examination should bring the patient to the emergency medical specialist.

What happens
The uterus can be imagined as an overturned glass, the cervix being at its base. The uterus has two walls: the outer, muscular, and the inner one, called the endometrium, which varies depending on the menstrual cycle.

In women suffering from endometriosis, tissue fragments from the internal cavity uterus, so the endometrium, migrate and grow in another part of the abdomen. Sometimes, these fragments of endometrium can be located on: bladder, rectum, appendix or colon.


These fragments and the rest of the body works the same way as when they are in the womb. They evolve under the effect of hormones from the ovaries. At the end of menstruation, bleeding. This would not be a problem if the blood tissue migration could be discharged during menstruation.

Disease stages – Doctors have identified four stages of endometriosis :

1. There are only three or four injuries, they can be destroyed by not employing coelioscopie and fertility problems.
2. Lesions are most commonly on the ovaries, causing painful cysts.
3. The lesions are large and may affect fertility.
4. The entire pool can be blocked. In this case surgery is difficult, it can even be dangerous.

What do you feel
Although sometimes the disease is not manifested by any symptoms, in most cases occur:

• Heavy and painful menstruation, especially in the third day of the cycle;
• Irregular period;
• Pain in the abdomen, pelvis and lower back but;
• Pain during intercourse;
• Fatigue and exhaustion especially during menstruation;
• Pain when urinating;
• Sensation of bloating during period.

What you can do
If the symptoms above they repeat, go immediately to your gynecologist doctor. In some women, the disease can be diagnosed following a simple pelvic examination, while the others require a pelvic ultrasound test.
Administered drugs are designed to atrophy of the endometrium. They cause a sort of Artificial menopause. In some cases occur surgeries that are performed under general anesthesia. The lesions are destroyed by electro-coagulation laser. Cysts in the ovaries are removed.

If the result is negative, it is important to check that all relevant tests have been performed and nothing has been omitted. It may be that the dermatitis is in fact caused by irritant contact dermatitis, for which there is no actual test­ing available.

Certain patterns of pain are emerging which are enabling researchers to separate women into groups which share common experiences. This is helping provide clues as to the cause of their problems and ways to treat them.

Some types of vulval pain are limited to the vestibular glands which may be inflamed. This is called vul­var vestibulitis. Many researchers believe that in this condi­tion skin nerves are abnormally sensitive and send pain messages to the brain on the most minimal stimulation, such as touching. As a result inserting a tampon or intercourse can be extremely uncomfortable or impossible.


Another pattern of vulval pain has been labelled essential vulvodynia. This is mainly seen in older or post-menopausal women and is described as an intense burning sensation. The skin looks perfectly normal and is not tender on touching. . Again it is now felt that abnormal nerve sensation is in some way responsible for this. Low doses of a type of drug which is normally used to treat depression (tricyclic antidepres­sants) have helped many of these women.

Sore sex
Many conditions cause problems with a woman’s ability to have comfortable and enjoyable sex. In some instances this will be temporary and, as the eczema, or psoriasis or LS improves with treatment, normal sexual activity can be resumed. Sometimes assistance will be needed in terms of discussing variations in sexual positions so that the woman can find a position in which she is most comfortable and in which least irritation occurs. Adequate lubrication is also essential. These aspects should be discussed with your doctor. In addition, specially trained counsellors can help couples to achieve full sexual fulfilment and may be recommended.

Different doctors finish off the biopsy in different ways. Some prefer to dab on a solution to seal the skin and stop bleeding, while others prefer to put in a stitch. This is usually dissolving and falls out within a week. This is my personal preference as my patients report that they feel more comfortable, more quickly, if they have a stitch as opposed to other methods.


Care of the biopsy site involves gentle salt bathing twice a day until the area becomes comfortable. Once you can touch the area comfortably with your finger it is safe to experi­ment with resuming sexual activity. By this time you gener­ally have received the results and hopefully things overall are being brought under control.

There are lots of variations on how to have a salt bath. My general instruction is to half-fill a bath with lukewarm water and then add as much salt as can be comfortably held in a closed fist. Making the solution too salty can lead to a bit of burning and irritation. Sit in the bath for five to ten minutes, gently splashing the genital area. If you don’t have a bath an appropriate strength of solution can be mixed up by adding a half a teaspoon of salt to a litre of warm water. This is then gently splashed on to the vulva. After either method of application the skin should be dried very gently, either by patting dry with a very soft towel or by using a hair dryer on a cool setting, which sometimes may be more comfortable.

HPV
HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. Is a transient infection in most cases, approximately 80% of infected women get rid of this virus within 2 years without needing surgery. Correlation between HPV – cervical cancer is even stronger statistical correlation than smoking – lung cancer.

There are over 100 HPV strains, mostly harmless. Oncogenic risk strains are 16 and 18, causing approximately 70% of these cancers, 41-67% of high-grade lesions with 16-32% of low-grade lesions.
The virus is transmitted by cutaneous-mucosal contact, usually during intercourse. The risk of infection after contact with a person with warts is estimated at 65% and approximately 65-70% if female partners have cervical HPV penile lesions.

Warning!
Condoms do not protect against HPV virus! Although condom use can reduce the risk of HPV infection, it’s not protect you fully. That’s because the skin near the genitals may also carry the virus.

Risk Factors
Along with HPV infection, the presence of confounding factors contributing to cervical cancer. Among these are:

• Smoking ;
• Multiparous (multiple births) ;
• Oral contraceptives administered for long periods (7-10 years). This factor is debatable. It is not known exactly how oral contraceptives influence the risk of cervical cancer ;
• HIV infection ;
• Other STDs: Chlamydia, HSV2, Trichomonas ;
• Immunosuppression ;
• Sexual behavior: early onset of sexual activity and the high number of sexual partners.

Cervical Cancer : Symptoms
Cervical cancer preneoplastic lesions (dysplasia) lesions can be treated. Disease progression is silent, and symptoms occur when the disease is already in an advanced stage :

• Abnormal bleeding or discharge ;
• Pelvic pain ;
• Other symptoms in advanced forms of extension depending on local or general.

HPV testing is done only if the doctor recommends. It is always preceded by the Pap test. Normally, testing is done after the age of 30 years to assess risk.
Warning - The HPV virus at ages close to 20 years does not mean that it will cause no damage!

How can it be prevented ? Take care of your health by :

• Regular gynecological checkups ;
• Anti-HPV Vaccination ;
• Treatment of preneoplastic lesions.

Vaccination prevents infection with HPV strains 16 and 18 which give 70% of cancers. Age for vaccination is 10-26 years. It is recommended that patients vaccinated to continue screening as other patients according to age, cytology results, the presence or absence of dysplasia.

Fear of long-term effects of the vaccine
Because the vaccine is relatively new on the market, you hear rumors about the fact that there are no known long term effects. And there are several types. Talk to your doctor if you have doubts about, to see if you need this vaccine.

Prejudices about the fact that you need the vaccine
Some women may be reluctant to make the vaccine because it could be interpreted as a message of promiscuity. In fact, it is recommended that even those who have not yet started sexual life, precisely because it is a safe time when you can protect your future.

It is much more difficult to use energy to prevent things than to solve them. And if your tests were good, why do you bother with a procedure that lasts long enough to kidnap you some good hours of the little free time?

The effect of “will not happen to me”
Let’s hope not. But do not forget that all sexually active women who have the virus (and their percentage is much higher than we like to believe) thought the same thing. If that’s the argument that keeps you safe now, reflect better on him.

Eventually, beyond media messages or acquaintances, doctors around you, the decision is yours. You have to be convinced of this, because only you you will take responsibility of your decision. As such, it’s always good to get that.

Talk to your family doctor and ask for the information you need, do a test to show you how prone you are infected with this virus. For example, it’s harder to feel the need to vaccinate if you have one partner, who in turn had no partner someone else than you, unless you have had more partners and are now looking for one, which will come, certainly, with all his past sexual. Feel free to post twice the same question, ask at least two medical opinions. It’s your choice and is proof that you respect your body and not make decisions haphazardly.

• Perform regular Pap tests ;
• Adopt a healthy diet with more fruits and vegetables rich in carotene, vitamin C and E. They are designed to reduce the risk of cervical cancer, and other types of cancer ;
• Quit smoking ;
• Use the condom every time ;
• Choose monogamy ;
• Menopause does not lower risk of developing cervical cancer, so there should be no decrease vigilance. It is completely wrong and extremely dangerous idea that once she entered menopause no longer have to go to a gynecologist or to make an annual cytologic examination.

HPV is a highly contagious virus that is transmitted primarily through sexual contact, but also a touch of skin and genital mucosa. Worldwide, over 50% of sexually active women are infected with oncogenic strains of this virus.

HPV is a virus contagious, which is transmitted primarily through sexual contact but also a touch of skin and genital mucosa.

Over 50% population of both sexes, is infected, most often without knowing, because infection is often asymptomatic. Warts, known popularly as vegetation, warts or genital warts, are evidence of infection, but did not appear. Others remain asymptomatic.

Once penetrated into the body, oncogenic HPV strains, produce slowly but steadily, initially preneoplastic lesions, which then become frankly neoplastic. When it’s detected a cancerous lesion, most often it is too late …

Therefore, “all women, including postmenopausal, should go to make a gynecological checkup once a year (which would include a physical examination required by the valves), together with an examination of vaginal discharge and a Babes Pap test, and the outcome of these investigations must be interpreted by the gynecologist.

In about 20-30 years after infection oncogenic viral strains cause cervical cancer, precancerous lesions, especially if occurring in the meantime are not treated. These preneoplastic lesions are popularly known as “cervical wound” but are often ignored or neglected by patients, especially because they are usually asymptomatic.

Menopause does not lower risk of developing cervical cancer, so there should be no decrease vigilance. It is completely wrong and extremely dangerous idea that once she entered menopause no longer have to go to a gynecologist or to make an annual cytologic  examination.

Mammography
Mammography is the examination used to detect breast cancer and other diseases of the breast in women over 40 years. This exam may indicate changes in the breast up to two years before they can be felt by palpation of the woman or doctor. But not all of these changes are signs of cancer. Mammography allows early treatment of this disease, increasing the chances of successfu, with the early detection of fault. In countries where screening programs have been conducted, mammography has managed to reduce the risk of breast cancer by about 40.

Other methods of detecting breast cancer
Self-exam is important, this method managed to reduce breast cancer risk by 10-20%, but does not replace mammography in women older than 40 years.
Another method of detecting breast cancer is the ultrasound. This test uses ultrasound to generate an image of the breast, thus determining if a nodule is solid or filled with fluid.

Cervical cancer
Cervical cancer is a serious chronic disease with severe evolution, around 22,800 new cases and deaths are recorded. Screening programs can reduce mortality by 90%. The second type of cancer most common in women under 40 years. It is usually not accompanied by pain or other symptoms and, therefore, most women can have cervical cancer without knowing.
Currently, brachytherapy is minimally invasive treatment with the lowest rate of impotence of all established treatments that follow patients with prostate cancer. The first implant contacts after ejaculation may be painful or hemorrhagic discreet. Minimal discomfort and a quick recovery are other advantages of brachytherapy.

Babes Pap test
Babes Pap test consists of collecting a sample from the cervix, it will be examined, thus identifying the changes occurring in cells. Changes may indicate a precancerous or cancerous state of the cervix. This method can detect early cervical cancer and early detection increases the chances of cure.
Not recommended intercourse 48 hours before harvest and no local use of sprays, creams, eggs, spermicides, vaginal tampons or vaginal cleansing. All women who have had sexual intercourse should have once a year Babes Pap test. Even postmenopausal women have to make the test.

• Advanced age (although the likelihood of developing breast cancer increases with age, the contemporary medical world is facing a true epidemic of breast cancer in patients becoming younger, which will lead, inexorably, to reconsider this risk factor) ;
• High levels of serum estrogens in premenopausal women (hormonal theory of the etiology of breast cancer role incriminate long exposure to estrogen in breast tissue to compensate their absence by progesterone). Source of estrogen is of two types: endogenous (ovarian and the adipose tissue) and exogenous (drugs, cosmetics and beauty maintenance, certain creams and lotions for skin rejuvenation)
• Genetic factors (mother or sister with breast cancer) ;
• Socio-economic level (cancers “hormone” and especially the breast cancer is an especially women with low socio-economic environment) ;
• The first full term pregnancy at an age of over 30 years ;
• Personal history of breast cancer in the other breast ;
• Personal history of benign proliferative breast lesions, changes in mammographic dysplasia ;
• High dose of ionizing irradiation to the chest for diagnostic or therapeutic (x-rays, mammography, radiation for therapeutic purposes) ;
• Breast Exposure to solar radiation ;
• Menarche (first menstruation) early (under age 11) and / or break late (after age 55 years) – these two conditions do nothing to increase the period of exposure to endogenous estrogens unmatched enough progesterone (hormone would be protective and is secreted in large quantities during pregnancy, hence the protective role of tasks carried forward) ;
• Postmenopausal obesity and diet high in fat and fine candy (you know that a major source of estrogen is, outside the ovary, adipose tissue, ie fat accumulated in the body) ;
• Age over 45 years for whites ;
• Age below 45 years for black race ;
• History of endometrial cancer (the endometrium) or ovarian cancer ;
• Micro-traumatisms breast, especially repeated.

Factors that reduce the risk of breast cancer
There are a number of factors to be protective against breast cancer (which does not mean that people who do not meet these factors may develop breast cancer, but they have a lower risk). Of these, the most important are:

• Menarche (first menstruation a woman’s life) late (after age 15 years) ;
• Breast breastfeeding duration exceeding one year ;
• Physical activity (dynamic physical activity is recommended, and from this viewpoint there are authors who recommend the bra to be as easy as possible, preferably only cotton and worn as little, ie only when strictly necessary in terms of aesthetic seem more harmless than the so-called cotton bustier)
• There are authors who claim that if sexual activity would be intense enough, also a protective factor against breast cancer.

Because of its aesthetic values and special because the breast has always been a symbol of femininity, psychological implications of breast cancer status of women are special. Thus, many women experience a real phobia of this disease and its incidence is growing to a source of stress. Paradoxically, this “fear” to always develop or find a breast cancer patient keeps them away rather than bring them to the doctor sooner and more often.

Breast cancer, like all other cancers is completely curable if diagnosed and treated in early stages. This goal can be achieved only through a correct monthly auto-exam breasts and a more rapid presentation to your doctor if any suspicions raised by this maneuver.

In addition, annual gynecological exam (which every woman should consider it, is absolutely mandatory!) Should systematically include the correct clinical breast exam.
Of course, the most effective way to fight against breast cancer, apart from avoiding risk factors and promoting protective factors, remains auto-exam the breasts monthly to each patient and emergency presentation to your doctor if any suspicion. Annual gynecologic and control that must necessarily include the examination of the breasts and armpits. It is therefore very important that every woman, from puberty until they die, to auto-exam the breasts monthly.

How to make it?

1. Immediately after menstruation ;
2. In front of the mirror, usually after the shower, observe any changes in shape, vascularization, volume, possible nipple retractions, possible asymmetry, possible changes of skin, superficial nodules, as well as any installed anomalies from one month to another ;
3. With your palm with fingers together, hand relaxed (which increases the tactile sensitivity of the fingers), gently, avoiding traumatic gestures ;
4. Palpation of the breast must be systematically for prospective detection of palpable lymph nodes (axillary lymph draining the breast). Palpation of the axilla is also needed because often, mammary gland shows an extension of axillary anatomy (physiology) ;
5. Any anomaly seized during those monthly self-examination should bring the patient in front of the emergency medical specialist.

What are the signs and symptoms of breast cancer ?
As in any malignancy, the symptoms appear, usually when it’s too late! Breast cancer symptoms can take the following aspects:

• Painless palpable mass ;
• Pain ;
• Deformities ;
• Nipple discharge (especially unilateral) ;
• Redness (erythema) or ulceration of skin ;
• Pruritus (itching), etc..

Mastectomy is now less invasive alternative
Another stress factor that delays the presentation to the doctor many times is fear of mastectomy (surgical removal of the breast), but now modern medicine diagnostic and therapeutic methods are less invasive than the old ones. In addition, we live in an era of plastic and separative surgery and postoperative breast prosthesis.

The test, announced at the annual meeting of the American Association of Cancer Research in Washington DC, set the level at which there is a particular protein, which increases as the tumor develops. Researchers have observed increased protein levels even 17 months before symptoms appear. The test could detect the disease before patients or doctors notice that something is wrong.
Scientists hope that, once developed this test, it may be adapted for the diagnosis of other cancers such as ovarian or prostate.

Currently, the most common method of diagnosing breast cancer is mammography. Mammography requires a series of images of breast tissue taken with X-rays. Experts recommend that women in the past 40 years, mammography has become a routine exam.

Ultrasound is another diagnostic method, but is not 100% sure method, very small nodules not being able to be discovered. MRI are a series of detailed pictures of internal organs by using a magnet, radio waves and a computer, but expensive methods fall into the category. It is a sensitive method for detecting tumors, but is used mainly to detect metastases.

What symptoms should you worry ?
Some symptoms of breast cancer include: pain, deformity, nipple discharge ( especially unilateral ), redness ( erythema ) or ulceration of skin, pruritus ( itching ), etc..

The main risk factors
Were identified a number of risk factors importance in breast cancer spreading:

• Advanced age ;
• High levels of serum estrogens in premenopausal women ;
• Genetic factors ( mother or sister with breast cancer ) ;
• The first full term pregnancy at an age of over 30 years ;
• Personal history of breast cancer in the other breast ;
• Personal history of benign proliferative breast lesions, changes in mammographic dysplasia ;
• High dose of ionizing irradiation to the chest for diagnostic or therapeutic ;
• Breast exposure to solar radiation ;
• Obesity in postmenopausal women ;
• History of endometrial or ovarian cancer ;
• Micro-traumatisms breast, especially repeated.

Some of the problems that may occur during pregnancy can be avoided. For example, back ache is eased, and the muscles of the back are strengthened. Standing poses tone up leg muscles, and help to prevent varicose veins. Postures known as the ‘asanas’ regulate the functioning of the glands and internal organs, improving the circulation of blood and lymph, and the distribution of oxygen to the tissues. The body is strengthened and prepared for the hard work of labor, and the flexibility achieved helps the mother to find the best position for the birth—for example, squatting or kneeling. During the birth, being able to relax during the contractions, and to control and use the breath, is of great help. Meditation brings calmness and inner peace, and helps the mother to have confidence in her new role. The general increase in awareness generated by the practice of yoga enhances the loving relationship between mother and unborn child
.

If the mother has not practiced yoga before, it is best not to start until after the third month of pregnancy, as in the early stages the risk of miscarriage is greater. It is best to start with a teacher who is used to teaching pregnant women. There are many course for yoga teachers who wish to learn more about yoga in pregnancy. This is taught by a midwife who is also a yoga teacher.)
If the mother is already practicing, she will be able to carry on with her usual routine. When working on the asanas, avoid any pressure on the abdomen, or practices that increase pressure in the abdominal cavity.

The changes in hormone levels in pregnancy cause a loosening of the ligaments, particularly in the pelvis. Therefore in asanas the student must be encouraged to listen to the body, paying great atten­tion to how she feels in each posture, and not to overstretch, as this could result in the joints becoming unstable later.
Baddha Konasana is probably the most important asana to practice during pregnancy, as it involves stretching and opening the pelvic floor. Pelvic congestion is relieved, and it may help to prevent gynecological problems in later life. Squatting is also useful.

Methods of use Massage oil
Add essential oils to carrier oil according to the dilution advised, and mix thoroughly before massaging into the skin.

Massage lotion/cream
Add essential oils to a neutral (non-scented) body lotion or cream according to the dilution advised, and mix thoroughly before massaging into me skin.

Bathing
Draw your bath so that it is comfortably warm (not too hot) but do not add the aromatherapy oils until the taps are turned off. Add a tablespoon (15 ml) of diluted essential oil and mix. Close the bathroom door to keep in the vapours and soak for 15-20 minutes, preferably in candlelight.

Showering
After cleansing your body with soap or gel, rinse well then dip a wet sponge in the diluted essential oil mix and use it to massage your whole body gently while under a warm jet spray.

Perfume
Dab diluted oil behind your ears, in your cleavage, under your breasts and on your wrists.

Potpourri
Add a few drops of undiluted essential oils to a pot potpourri mix to scent your bedroom. Refresh the scent regularly as it starts to fade.

Room spray
Fill a small sprayer with 100 ml water and add ten drops of your chosen undiluted essential oils. Shake the sprayer well before using it to perfume a room. This mix can also be placed in special porous holders that will sit over a radiator.

Candle diffuser
Add a few drops of your chosen undiluted essential oils to hot water in the top of the diffuser then light the candle underneath so the scented water starts to vaporize.

Ring burner
An aromatherapy ring burner is designed to sit over a light bulb so the oils it contains are gently ( diffused by the heat energy of the bulb. Add a few drops of undiluted oil to the ring. Do not add oil to the light bulb itself as the oils are flammable.

Aromatherapy is helpful for a variety of pregnancy-associated conditions . It can also help to make childbirth a very positive experience. In a recent study, for example, it was found that a group of mothers who received aromatherapy massage during childbirth felt better, experienced lower stress levels and had decreased labor pains compared with a control group that did not receive aromatherapy massage.

The nausea of pregnancy (early morning sickness) is, without doubt, helped greatly by acupuncture. It has been used for 4000 years for this purpose, and numerous scientific trials have proven that acupuncture really is effective in relieving this distressing, but all too common, ‘side-effect’ of pregnancy. The classic site for inserting the needles is Pericardium 6 (Neiguan or PC6) in the forearm, but other points may also be used.

Back ache and sciatica

These common pregnancy-related conditions are treated successfully by acupuncture. Often local ‘trigger points’ in the back will be used alongside more traditional acupuncture points. This is another area where modern scientific research has confirmed acupuncture’s effec­tiveness.

Carpal tunnel syndrome

This painful condition affecting the hand, wrist and sometimes the forearm is due to the build-up of fluid during pregnancy. Though there is little objective evidence, acupuncture does appear to help relieve this painful problem, which usually settles on its own after delivery.

Headaches

Headaches can be troublesome during pregnancy. If so, this is another condition where acupuncture can give benefit.

Constipation

Pregnant women suffer from constipation much more often than non-pregnant women. Those fortunate people who have never been constipated do not realize the pain and distress that this trivial-sounding problem can cause. Whilst diet should not be ignored, acupuncture can also help. Points used often include those on the Stomach and Large Intestine meridians.

Haemorrhoids

One unfortunate consequence of constipation can be haemorrhoids (piles), which can cause either painless bleeding on defaecation or quite severe pain when attempting to defaecate. This is another area where there is a lack of research, but acupuncture can help here.

Varicosities

These can occur either in the legs or in the vulva. Along with other approaches, acupuncture may help.

Breech

Moxibustion to point Bladder 67, at the outer corner of the httle toenail, has long been used by acupuncturists to turn the fetus from the breech position in the womb to the ‘head-first’ position. A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association in November 1998 reported on some research on women between 33 and 35 weeks of pregnancy who had fetuses in the breech position (i.e. bottom first). The results show that burning a moxa roll (a cigar-shaped stick containing the herb mugwort) over the acupunc­ture point Bladder 67 of these women significantly increased the chance of the baby turning to the normal ‘head-first position. This may work by causing an increase in the fetal movements. It is undoubtedly a remarkably safe, easy, cheap and effective treatment.

Induction of delivery

Acupuncture, sometimes using electricity, can be used to increase uterine contractions. Some midwives will use this for women who are ‘post-term’.

Pain relief during labor

Trials have shown both acupuncture and electroacupuncture to be effective in relieving the pain of childbirth. Electroacupuncture is particularly helpful, but is not ideal in labor because of the need to be attached to wires and the unpredictable pain relief achieved.

Pain relief in caesarian section

Research suggests that some women obtain significant pain relief from acupuncture during delivery by caesarian section. In practice, it is likely to be difficult to use this technique in the hospital environ­ment, particularly with regard to emergency caesarian deliveries.

Normal pregnancy

Many traditional Chinese acupuncturists will offer acupuncture as a method of balancing the energy of the body and providing a harmoni­ous relationship between the mother and her baby. Acupuncture may assist normal uterine contractions, possibly by improving its blood supply. Not surprisingly, there is no evidence to support its effective­ness in this regard. If you do seek this sort of treatment then do follow the cautions given below.

Other conditions

Acupuncture may also be helpful in the following conditions: preven­tion of miscarriage (use with caution—there is, as yet, no evidence that acupuncture does more good than harm), female infertility (due to hormone disorders), oedema of pregnancy, sleep disturbance and heartburn (indigestion).

ADHD symptoms in children can be classified in three categories: emotional, behavioral, and functional. Emotional symptoms of ADHD can include high frustration levels, poor ability to cope with stress, mood swings, anxiety, and occasionally, depression. Anxiety and depression are more common in teens and adults with attention deficit disorders. Frustration can lead to violent outbursts in children with ADHD, especially in boys. It is common for boys with this condition to hit, kick, or bite themselves or others. In addition, they may throw things out of frustration.

Girls with attention deficit disorders, on the other hand, are less likely to be hyperactive or violent. Instead, they may appear spacey, distracted, or withdrawn. Learning difficulties can be more difficult to gauge in girls with ADD. Behavioral problems in children with ADHD include risk-taking, impulsive behavior, problems with authority, disregard for rules, and problems following directions. Difficulty following directions, however, can also be considered a functional trait, as people with ADHD often cannot follow verbal cues. Forgetting instructions within seconds of when they are given is quite common in people with attention deficit disorders of all ages.

Poor concentration, short-term memory problems, and poor task completion are other functional symptoms of ADHD in children, and are often considered to be the hallmark of these types of conditions. In other words, these are the symptoms that are initially most recognizable by others. Parents may notice that their child starts chores but does not finish them. They may also notice their child getting frustrated when verbal instructions are given and then quickly forgotten. School work may appear incomplete, grades may be falling, or the child may be drawing or doodling on the back of school assignments.

If a parent suspects that their child has an attention deficit disorder, they can access ADHD checklists online for a better idea of the kinds of ADHD symptoms present. These types of checklists are assessment tools that help parents decide when an appointment with a medical professional may be necessary to treat ADHD.

The damaged muscle may be electrically unstable, giving rise to an irregular and sometimes problematic heart beat rhythm. In Coronary Care Units this rhythm is carefully monitored by doctors and nurses capable of recognizing potentially serious heart beat rhythms and capable of starting treatment before serious problems occur.

The heart muscle deprived of its blood supply dies and eventually heals leaving only a scar, in much the same way as a broken leg heals. There is usually no long term malfunction of the heart, but during the healing phase it is best to avoid stressing the heart unnecessarily.

I had a bad chest pain but it did not last so long. Was it a heart attack ?
If it was a similar tight central pain but of short duration it might have been due to a temporary reduction in blood supply thought one of the coronary arteries rather than a complete and permanent blockage. The heart muscle is then not damaged permanently and no “heart attack” occurs. The temporary inadequacy of blood flow produces a very similar pain, although it is likely to be less severe and will not last very long-perhaps minutes rather than hours. This type of pain is commonly called “angina”.

This pain may be brought on by anything that makes the heart beat faster and stronger ; this stress may be physical or emotional, both causing a liberation of adrenaline into the blood stream which leads to a faster and stronger heart beat. This extra work requires more fuel-more oxygen and hence more blood – and this, of course, does not happen when the blood supply is restricted. Many of the treatments for this condition are designed to limit this increase in heart rate and strength of contraction.

This is a new non-invasive solution to treat cancerous tumors with focused ultrasound and is at the moment, “the only viable alternative to traditional treatment methods known” says HIFU expert, Dr. Nicholas Verga.

When this treatment is recommended ?
Only after a preliminary evaluation of CT or MRI images, and a more accurate breakdown of chemotherapy and radiation treatments, the patient is scheduled or not for HIFU treatment. Experts say the new method is used to treat benign or malignant tumors located in: liver, kidney, pancreas, bone, breast, uterus, ENT, prostate, muscle, adipose tissue.

HIFU treatment, unlike chemotherapy and radiation which are highly toxic and aggression have been shown to produce no therapeutic phenomena of resistance or intolerance, nor attack surrounding tissues. Chemotherapy causes an impaired general condition, alopecia, diarrhea, decreased white blood cells, red cell anemia. Although these reactions are reversible in the short term, they decrease the patient’s life. Radiotherapy is used for locally defined tumor regions and metastasize.

Benefits of HIFU treatment

• Painless without surgical shock, without postoperative period, practically devoid of intra-and post-surgical infections, easily borne by the patient;
• No need to use blood ;
• Precise about the limits of cancer ;
• Sure about the therapeutic effect ;
• Short (on average 500 times shorter) the time required specific treatment ;
• Does not produce therapeutic phenomena of resistance or intolerance ;
• Without the side effects of radiotherapy ;
• Environmental radiation protection ;
• Can be applied to patients older than 3 years;

In what situations is contraindicated ?

• Tumors in organs containing gas ( lung, stomach, small intestine ) without contact with the chest wall or abdominal
• Tumors of the spine (partial contraindication, medical board’s decision)

Treatment depends on associated diseases. It can be repeated whenever needed in case of relapse. Only elderly patients with cardiovascular problems or diabetes may occur due to an adverse effect of anesthesia.

What is the cost for HIFU sessions?
For treatment of small tumors takes approximately two hours, and in case of larger tumors required longer treatment intervals. In England, HIFU treatment cost is 19,000 Euros, taking into account the size of the tumor. For a benign tumor such as uterine fibroid or breast fibroadenomul costs amounted to EUR 1,200 and in case of malignant tumors smaller size reach Euro 1500.

History of HIFU
* 1950 – 1960: William and Frank Fry treated patients with Parkinson’s disease and other neurological disorders.
* 1989: Prof Dr. Wang Ruo and Feng Zhibiao they began researching the effects of ultrasound on tissues.
* 1996: Dr. Wang and colleagues have treated for the first time a bone tumor in a patient at the Medical Institute of Ultrasound Engineering in Chongqing University of Medical Sciences.

On the other hand, if the family trend is very bad, for example several members of the family having or dying from heart attacks at a young age, and especially if it involves several generations and women in the family (in which it is unusual before the menopause) it may be due to a profound abnormality of blood cholesterol or related body fats, which can be diagnosed easily in a blood sample taken after fasting. Such people may have a very high blood level of cholesterol or the related substance triglyceride, and it is now known that treatment with a diet, drugs, or both, can have a favorable effect on the risk of coronary attacks. It should be emphasized however that this type of abnormality is very rare.

Raised cholesterol as a risk factor, except in those very profoundly abnormal patients, is of doubtful importance. Quite a lot of publicity has been given to it over the years, but it is still controversial whether the small rises of cholesterol and triglycerides which are found in many people are of any significance. Many doctors nowadays feel that its importance has been overestimated and that attempts to decrease the intake in the diet are not all that helpful. It seems surprising that although many years of research has been carried out the answer it still not clear cut Many feel that in this current state of uncertainty it is wise to adopt a so-called “prudent” diet where the in-take of certain dietary fats – particularly saturated fatty acids is reduced.

The diet involves the reduction of animal fats and dairy products. Fat on meat is reduced and vegetable oils used for cooking. Special margarine which are rich is so-called polyunsaturated fatty acids are used, and a reduction is made in the amount of milk, cheese, cream and eggs. The evidence that taking this diet to extremes is helpful is really lacking, but for the time being diets of this type is considered “prudent”.

What you should know about breast health

In recent years, the number of fatalities has dropped significantly. Diagnosed at an early stage, cancer can be treated relatively easily and without trace, even cured.

The appearance of a nodule is not always a sign of cancer, but it is a sign that should not be ignored. Benign lesions are very common and normal breast can change throughout life.

Births at a young age prevents breast cancer but the same hormonal changes after age 30 years increase the risk of breast cancer. Cancer found in stage 0 or 1 can be cured 94%.

How can prevent breast cancer

• Through a healthy diet based on daily intake of fruit and vegetables and reduced intake of dietary fat.
• By avoiding clothing items that keep the breast in an abnormal position, such as bras with sponges, wire and silicone.
• Through a regular program of physical activity to maintain body weight under control.
• By avoiding sun exposure between 11 to 16 hours and apply a cream with a protection factor greater than 15 to 20 minutes before sun exposure and re-applied every 2-3 hours.
• By giving up smoking and alcohol.
• Through self-examination.

Like any disease, but particularly in cancer, as earlier diagnosis is made, the chances of cure are higher, less invasive treatment and less troublesome side effects. Monthly self-exam is done after 7-14 days after the first day of menstruation. If you are pregnant, breastfeeding or not had your period.

• Changes in breast shape and size occur with age. Look at things the same arms in different positions (with hands raised to neck, hands joined under the chin and chest muscles while tightening).

Breast ultrasound

• It is a non-invasive method of analysis of the breast with ultrasound. This can determine if a nodule is solid or filled with fluid.

Mammography

• It is a special x-ray that helps detect breast cancer by X-ray a few years before signs or symptoms detectable by self-examination or clinical examination.
• It is only on medical advice or preventive, especially after the age of 40 years. The investigation takes less than 30 minutes and is not painful. To reduce any discomfort, do a mammogram before, during or immediately after menstruation.

A lot of effort is going into ways of devising a suitable method, but at the moment the only methods we have are the electrocardiogram, the exercise test, isotope techniques and arteriogram. The electrocardiogram measures the heart’s electricity but although it invariably becomes abnormal after a heart attack, it is often normal in patients who have angina, let alone those with no angina whose arteries may be narrowed.

An improvement is stressed by physical activity, when some of the heart’s reserve is being used. This test it still a poor indicator of those with incipient trouble, however, and can even be misleading because in those with no symptoms the test is falsely positive more often than truly positive; in other words, it may suggest an abnormality where none exists, more often than suggesting an abnormality where there actually is one. This is because the flow of blood through the arteries may not be significantly reduced until the artery is narrowed to about 60 or 70% of its cross-sectional area, and because abnormal electrocardiograms can be caused by other types of abnormality.

Isotope techniques are more reliable but they are expensive and need complex equipment. Minute amounts of radio-active materials which localize in the heart are injected into the blood stream during exercise and the heart is then “imaged” with a gamma camera. Because of its expense and complexity it cannot be applied to routine screening for people without symptoms, and although better than the exercise electrocardiogram this is also not foolproof.

The final method is the coronary arteriogram in which the coronary arteries are visualized by injection of X-Ray opaque fluid during cine X-Ray filming. It is very reliable but it is an “invasive” test requiring the passage of a fine tube (catheter) from a blood vessel in the arm or leg into the heart.

It is an uncomfortable rather than a painful test and may carry a very small element of risk. In certain circumstances it is essential, but it can hardly be used as a screening method where the suspicion of coronary disease is not very high, not only because of the risk but also because it is time consuming and expensive. It is likely that in the future ways will be found of imaging the coronary arteries in similar fashion non-invasive without the passage of a catheter.

Statistics show that 1 in 10 adults has chronic kidney disease, which means that about 2 million people are affected by the disease. Of these, more than 8,000 are treated with dialysis or kidney transplantation. Kidney disease are closely linked with other diseases such as cardiovascular, which grows bigger.

Transplantation : a chance at life for those with severe kidney disease

What is kidney transplantation ?
Kidney transplant surgery is to replace diseased kidneys with a healthy kidney taken from another person (the donor). The person who is liable to transplantation can lead a normal life if the new kidney is working properly.

Kidney transplantation is a major surgical procedure, which involves a vascular surgical component and a component of urologic surgery. Standard technique involves placing the graft in the right iliac fossa, TL anastomosis to the renal vein external iliac vein of the recipient, followed by TT artery graft anastomosis the hypogastric artery.

Remember that it is very important to take care of your health if you are on the waiting list or to prepare for surgery. So you have to respect the doctor’s treatment instructions, you follow a recommended diet, consult the doctor regularly, do not isolate yourself and be optimistic. And, after the surgery will be monitored by a team of doctors to ensure that the kidney is not rejected by the body and works normally.

We must remember that chronic kidney disease is painless and less obvious in its early stages by detecting and can be treated effectively without the affected person to get to dialysis or kidney transplantation.

Among these risk factors are: hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, age over 50 years, history of diabetes, hypertension and / or chronic kidney disease in families and kidney disease already installed.

Attention to diet!

According to research that appeared last year in the medical journal Journal of the American Dietetic Association , people tend to consume large quantities of red meat, white bread and potatoes shows a very high risk of kidney cancer. In general, foods with high glycemic index presents a danger to our health, warn Suzanne Dolwick Grieb, who led the study. In contrast, eating greens and vegetables such as spinach, can reduce your risk of developing cancer, as specified by expert.

Cervical cancer is a malignant transformation of the lower portion of the uterus and is the second cause of death from cancer in women after breast cancer. Currently available treatments do not cure the disease but prolong survival. The main cause of cervical cancer is infection with HPV (Human Papillomavirus), a sexually transmitted virus.

HPV
HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. Is a transient infection in most cases, approximately 80% of infected women get rid of this virus within 2 years without needing surgery. Correlation between HPV – cervical cancer is even stronger statistical correlation than smoking – lung cancer.

There are over 100 HPV strains, mostly harmless. Oncogenic risk strains are 16 and 18, causing approximately 70% of these cancers, 41-67% of high-grade lesions with 16-32% of low-grade lesions.

The virus is transmitted by cutaneous-mucosal contact, usually during intercourse. The risk of infection after contact with a person with warts is estimated at 65% and approximately 65-70% if female partners have cervical HPV penile lesions.

Warning!
Condoms do not protect against HPV virus! Although condom use can reduce the risk of HPV infection, it’s not protect you fully. That’s because the skin near the genitals may also carry the virus.

Risk Factors
Along with HPV infection, the presence of confounding factors contributing to cervical cancer. Among these are:

• Smoking;
• Multiparous ( multiple births );
• Oral contraceptives administered for long periods (7-10 years). This factor is debatable. It is not known exactly how oral contraceptives influence the risk of cervical cancer;
• HIV infection;
• Other STDs: Chlamydia, HSV2, Trichomonas;
• Immunosuppression;
• Sexual behavior : early onset of sexual activity and the high number of sexual partners.

Cervical cancer : symptoms
Cervical cancer preneoplastic lesions ( dysplasia ) lesions can be treated. Disease progression is silent, and symptoms occur when the disease is already in an advanced stage:

• Abnormal bleeding or discharge;
• Pelvic pain;
• Other symptoms in advanced forms of extension depending on local or general.

HPV testing is done only if the doctor recommends. It is always preceded by the Pap test. Normally, testing is done after the age of 30 years to assess risk.

Warning!
The HPV virus at ages close to 20 years does not mean that it will cause no damage!

How can it be prevented? Take care of your health by:

• Regular gynecological checkups;
• Anti-HPV Vaccination;
• Treatment of preneoplastic lesions.

Vaccination prevents infection with HPV strains 16 and 18 which give 70% of cancers. Age for vaccination is 10-26 years. It is recommended that patients vaccinated to continue screening as other patients according to age, cytology results, the presence or absence of dysplasia.

In most cases, breast cancer is detected by observing a node, being mostly located in the upper part of the breast near the armpit. But not every lump is cancerous binding. Among the symptoms that should worry are part pain, deformity, nipple discharge (especially unilateral), redness (erythema) or ulceration of skin, pruritus (itching) and .. … etc.

Most cases occur in women over 50 years old in age – In women that are diagnosed each year, approximately 6,000 women are with breast cancer, representing the third leading cause of death after cardiovascular diseases and traffic accidents. Incidence of breast cancer increases by 10% annually, one in ten women in their lives developing a malignant breast tumor. As with other types of cancer is perfectly curable if diagnosed and treated in early stages.

Procedures such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery could be successfully replaced by a single pill that can reduce the size of detected breast tumors, but without harming healthy cells.

Research conducted to date by specialists from the University of King’s College London, United Kingdom, have demonstrated effectiveness in treatment of tumors, indicating a reduction in tumor size after treatment. The study involved 111 women diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer cases caused by genetics, where chemotherapy has not worked. In 40% of cases, breast tumors were significantly reduced after treatment. Similar effects were observed in the case of patients with ovarian cancer where the tumors were reduced in 33% of cases. The researchers also observed a halt tumor progression over a period of several months. Following the treatment, minor side effects were observed such as nausea and fatigue, says DailyMail.

It does not affect healthy cells – The new drug, called Olaparib, acts on cells that have modified the genes BRCA1 and BRCA 2 and do not attack healthy cells that have DNA. Experts hope the therapy will work in other cancers such as pancreatic, prostate or skin.

This treatment has posted promising results for patients with tumors caused by a genetic cause. It is remarkable that the drug helps women with breast and ovarian cancer in advanced stages, which have tried various treatments. But we must not forget that treatment is still tested and more research needs to hit the market. We hope that within a few years to be approved.

Also, this large international study showed that drug use by 26% reduced risk of death from stomach cancer patients with HER-2 have positive effect. Approximately 22% of stomach tumors are HER-2 positive.

10 months of survival after a diagnosis of gastric cancer
In the form of advanced gastric cancer is difficult to diagnose, and the average survival after diagnosis is about 10 months, using currently available therapies.

Stomach or gastric cancer is the second most serious form of cancer worldwide, with over one million new cases diagnosed each year. Early detection is difficult, because most people do not blame the early stages of the disease symptoms. Stomach tumors can spread to nearby organs, reaching the pancreas, esophagus, intestines, lungs, liver and even in lymph nodes.

According to the National Cancer Institute, doctors can not explain why one person develops gastric cancer, because the causes are not known precisely. But few risk factors that favor this disease, and among them are:

• Age : many of those affected are aged over 72 years ;
• Sex : Men are more prone to this disease than women ;
• Diet : those who consume more food, smoked, salted and pickled have a higher risk of developing stomach cancer, say experts who adds that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables protect us from various stomach diseases ;
• Infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that causes gastritis, ulcers and a relatively small number of cases can reach the stomach cancer;
• Smoking : Smokers are more prone to stomach cancer than people who do not smoke ;
• Health problems : stomach surgery, chronic gastritis, pernicious anemia ;
• Family history : there is only a very rare form of stomach cancer that is transmitted in the family.

If you know of a high risk of stomach cancer is advisable to discuss with a doctor about the possibilities to reduce risk and prevent disease. In the early stages of the disease symptoms are not present some cause for alarm, but as the tumor develops most popular events are: abdominal discomfort, bloating and feeling full after a light meal, nausea and vomiting, weight loss. But we must not panic if you’ve already found the presence of these symptoms, as many may be caused by an infection or ulcer. But it is advisable to consult with a physician gastroenterologist for early detection and treat digestive problems.